Adaptability and resilience in a disruptive and uncertain economic environment
The Australian economy has shown strength through its post-pandemic recovery and in the face of geopolitical instability. However, the economic environment remains uncertain and is subject to continued disruption, including in energy, industrial and financial markets.
Future economic growth and prosperity will be challenged by weaker global economic conditions, persistent inflation and higher interest rates, as well as a range of structural shifts in the domestic economy. Our long-term prosperity relies on continued productivity growth, but Australia’s productivity growth has slowed over the past decade, as it has in other advanced economies. Encouraging the diffusion of innovation across the economy, addressing barriers to adoption of technology and supporting a successful transition to net zero will be central in lifting productivity growth.
Our key sectors will need to become more adaptable and resilient so they can respond to, and seize, the opportunities from net zero transition, technology transformation and ongoing global tensions that will affect Australia’s economic outlook over the coming years.
Our policy advice and program implementation will be influenced by many factors, including responding to the implications of geo-strategic shifts, adapting to and mitigating against climate change, and supporting more equitable outcomes for all Australians. This includes economic empowerment for disadvantaged groups, such as First Nations peoples, and ensuring a skilled and adaptable workforce – all of which will be necessary to support productivity and economic growth.
Growing business and industry
In this operating environment, we will support the government to strengthen Australia’s prosperity by stimulating high-growth industries and commercialising more Australian research.
We will support the government’s agenda to grow innovative and competitive businesses, industries and regions. This includes kickstarting future green industries and enabling Australians to take advantage of the economic opportunities from the global net zero transition. We are doing this through a range of cross-cutting and targeted programs that support economic resilience, sovereign capability and new manufacturing and commercialisation opportunities.
We are establishing the $15 billion National Reconstruction Fund (NRF), a major part of the government’s Future Made in Australia agenda. The NRF will provide finance for projects that diversify and transform Australia’s industry and economy. Through the NRF, the government is helping secure Australia’s future prosperity and driving sustainable economic growth.
The NRF will complement other initiatives that help develop domestic manufacturing capabilities and upskill the sector’s workforce. We will deliver co-investment plans that support growth and competitiveness by identifying high-level investment opportunities in each of the NRF priority areas.
We are establishing the Industry Growth Program, which will further support the government’s commitment to rebuilding Australia’s industrial capability. The program will support small-to-medium enterprises in NRF priority areas through their most challenging development phase to commercialise their innovative ideas and grow their businesses. The Industry Growth Program complements other initiatives to help translate Australia’s business research and ideas into new, high-value, in-demand products and services.
We are building on the government’s decarbonisation and transformation objectives to deliver strong outcomes for the Australian economy. This includes helping position industry sectors to meet the government’s net zero ambitions.
We are working with government, industry, business, researchers and communities to deliver the Industrial and Built Environment Sector Plans. These plans will map out decarbonisation pathways by 2050 for key industries. Domestic manufacturing supports our sovereign capability and provides key inputs to the energy transition. These plans will identify avenues to reduce emissions while boosting growth and competitiveness.
We will drive the delivery of the Australian Made Battery Plan, including publishing Australia’s first National Battery Strategy, supporting the creation of a Battery Manufacturing Precinct, and implementing the Powering Australia Industry Growth Centre, which will support Australian businesses develop and adopt new renewable technologies, including batteries.
The Australian Made Battery Plan complements other government priorities such as the NRF, Powering Australia (including the National Electric Vehicle Strategy and Australia’s emissions reduction target), Rewiring the Nation, the Critical Minerals Strategy and the Buy Australian Plan.
Through the Buy Australian Plan, we are working with industry and government to leverage government purchasing power and improve procurement processes to help build industry capability and strengthen domestic supply chains.
The importance of secure and resilient supply chains has been demonstrated over recent years. Our Office of Supply Chain Resilience will continue supporting the government’s supply chain work with domestic and international partners. This includes identifying and monitoring vulnerabilities in supply chains and improving their resilience to facilitate ongoing access to critical goods and services.
We will ensure a responsible regulatory framework for space activities so that space services, capability and investment support Australia’s transition to a high-tech future, including underpinning our manufacturing industries.
Energy security is a continuing challenge alongside the longer-term transition to lower emission energy sources, both of which have significant implications for people and businesses. We are supporting the government’s energy market reform agenda to ensure Australian industry can access secure and affordable energy as it transitions to lower emission energy sources.
Rapid scientific and technological advancement
Science and technology are essential to addressing national challenges. They underpin the development of new jobs, businesses and industries, and enable existing industries and business to innovate and grow. We will help the government create an environment that develops Australian know-how and harnesses investments in science and technology to improve the lives of Australians.
We are revitalising the National Science and Research Priorities and renewing the National Science Statement to provide a long-term vision for Australian science, weave First Nations peoples’ knowledge together with our broader science systems, and better align effort and investment to deliver greater benefits for all Australians.
We are providing targeted support to critical and emerging technologies that make the most of Australia’s potential and deliver solutions to real-world problems for commercial and societal gain. This includes support for next‑generation technologies such as quantum, robotics and artificial intelligence.
We are building international partnerships to showcase Australian knowledge and ensure access to international science and technology developments. We work with Australian and international organisations to establish trusted technology frameworks and shape the global standards and ethics that will guide the development of safe and trusted technologies.
We ensure Australians receive the maximum benefits from rapidly advancing digital technologies. This includes:
- encouraging small and medium businesses to adopt digital technologies
- helping Australians to develop digital skills to participate in the modern workforce
- contributing to regulations to guide those developing or using new technologies
- monitoring and coordinating digital technology policies across government so they are cohesive and consistent.
We will continue encouraging greater diversity and the inclusion of women and under-represented groups in STEM. The government has commissioned an independent review of the effectiveness of existing government programs in these areas and the cultural and structural barriers to participation and retention. The results of the review will help us identify and use approaches that improve diversity and inclusion.
We provide independent science advice to government through the Office of the Chief Scientist and will continue working with the science and research community to promote, enable and harness Australia’s world-leading scientific research.
We will continue to work with our public research institutions to ensure Australia has access to cutting-edge research infrastructure and expertise. These institutions include:
Construction has started on the Square Kilometre Array, an innovative global project that will expand our understanding of the universe and supports jobs and growth in regional Australia.
Questacon continues to play a vital role in improving the visibility, diversity and accessibility of STEM education and career pathways for young Australians. The government’s recent boost to Questacon’s funding will support critical property upgrades to maintain visitor safety. Ongoing funding will ensure inspiring and interactive experiences for visitors as well as national STEM programs that bring science and technology to people across Australia.
The National Measurement Institute continues delivering independent, specialised measurement services and regulation that strengthen the international competitiveness of Australian businesses and underpin Australians’ confidence in products and services.
All of these initiatives contribute to creating a resilient economy with more high-value jobs being retained in Australia. This is consistent with the government’s objective of growing technology-related jobs to 1.2 million by 2030.
Supporting a strong resources sector
A strong, competitive and sustainable resources sector is crucial to a thriving Australian economy. Our resources sector will provide export and employment opportunities well into the future, particularly in regional Australia.
Our resources sector has an important role as Australia and the world transition to net zero emissions. The production of raw and processed critical minerals will need to scale up significantly, noting the International Energy Agency forecasts that global demand for minerals necessary for the development of clean energy technologies could double or even quadruple by 2040.
We are prioritising implementation of the new Critical Minerals Strategy so Australia can contribute to global emissions reduction goals while seizing the opportunities of the energy transition. This includes supporting the deployment of emissions abatement technologies across the resources sector and providing targeted and proportionate support to grow our critical minerals sector, including through grants programs and investing in research and development.
The Critical Minerals Strategy recognises that the Australian Government cannot deliver these objectives on its own. We need to work closely with industry, First Nations communities, the research community, state and territory governments, and our international partners. We will support collaboration to attract international investment and help Australia’s critical minerals sector build, scale and grow its downstream processing capabilities. These policy actions and collaborations will help build more secure, resilient and diversified critical minerals supply chains.
We need to carefully balance our domestic energy security with the needs of our trading partners, who invest in our resources sector and rely on Australian commodities for their own energy security. Reforms to the Australian Domestic Gas Security Mechanism allow for more flexibility in responding to domestic gas supply shortfalls and demonstrate Australia’s commitment to remaining a reliable trade and investment partner.
Australia’s energy exports will support our trading partners as they implement decarbonisation initiatives to achieve net zero. Gas will continue to have a role in Australia, ensuring energy security while we increase renewable energy generation. Ensuring energy security will rely on Australia’s ability to secure gas supply into the 2030s.
The Future Gas Strategy will seek to address supply issues to support Australia’s energy system to reach 82 per cent renewables by 2030 and become cleaner, cheaper and more reliable, while maintaining our international reputation as a trusted energy supplier.
We will ensure an environmentally responsible approach to management in offshore oil and gas activities, radioactive waste, and mine rehabilitation. We will continue working with the offshore petroleum industry and regulators to encourage early and proactive planning for decommissioning and to ensure titleholders meet all costs and liabilities over the life of the project, including for decommissioning activities. We will develop a roadmap for establishing a decommissioning industry in Australia and continue decommissioning the Northern Endeavour facility. We will also oversee the effective rehabilitation of the Ranger and Rum Jungle uranium mine sites in the Northern Territory.
Australian Radioactive Waste Agency (ARWA) leads the government’s approach to safe and secure long-term management and disposal of Australia’s radioactive waste to protect people and the environment for generations to come. This work includes the development of pathways for disposal of low and intermediate level waste. ARWA is also providing expert advice to government to support the Department of Defence’s consideration of radioactive waste management in relation to the Nuclear-Powered Submarine Program.
In supporting a strong resources sector, we will reinforce whole-of-government priorities, including improving engagement with First Nations peoples and promoting gender equality and onsite safety, to ensure the development of Australia’s resources is done safely and benefits all Australians.